1 00:00:00,260 --> 00:00:10,740 [Music] 2 00:00:16,240 --> 00:00:13,570 yeah this is very interesting topic 3 00:00:20,050 --> 00:00:16,250 maybe I'm not prepared enough but please 4 00:00:24,250 --> 00:00:20,060 follow carefully just if you need to 5 00:00:27,189 --> 00:00:24,260 stop me anytime you can do that because 6 00:00:31,060 --> 00:00:27,199 I want you to follow to the end it's a 7 00:00:34,660 --> 00:00:31,070 very I think it's a beautiful story I 8 00:00:37,750 --> 00:00:34,670 got my PhD recently in physical 9 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:37,760 chemistry and this is totally different 10 00:00:54,819 --> 00:00:50,619 so from simplicity to complexity I had 11 00:00:58,779 --> 00:00:54,829 hard time to pick this topic let's get 12 00:01:01,599 --> 00:00:58,789 started okay when you want to study the 13 00:01:06,690 --> 00:01:01,609 dynamic of a system or evolution of a 14 00:01:10,780 --> 00:01:06,700 system in time you need to somehow 15 00:01:15,999 --> 00:01:10,790 either calculate the energy and then 16 00:01:19,480 --> 00:01:16,009 from that you can get force and force is 17 00:01:23,499 --> 00:01:19,490 the first derivative of energy with 18 00:01:25,330 --> 00:01:23,509 respect to displacement or you can dump 19 00:01:28,810 --> 00:01:25,340 some energy in your system as 20 00:01:32,920 --> 00:01:28,820 temperature some systems are well known 21 00:01:34,870 --> 00:01:32,930 you can have force field and again you 22 00:01:37,660 --> 00:01:34,880 can calculate force and from that you 23 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:37,670 can study the dynamic of the system as 24 00:01:47,139 --> 00:01:41,810 you see here or this pointer okay 25 00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:47,149 so yeah force is connected to position 26 00:01:58,060 --> 00:01:51,250 and time so you can see how your system 27 00:02:00,310 --> 00:01:58,070 moves in space within time so the 28 00:02:03,130 --> 00:02:00,320 equilibrium of the system is when you're 29 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:03,140 when there is no force on your system 30 00:02:12,490 --> 00:02:07,810 and that can be also interpreted as when 31 00:02:16,850 --> 00:02:12,500 you have all the existing energy is 32 00:02:20,090 --> 00:02:16,860 dispersed dispersed in your system 33 00:02:24,760 --> 00:02:20,100 and the this person dispersion of energy 34 00:02:26,900 --> 00:02:24,770 is shown with this guy is 35 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:26,910 thermodynamical term it's called entropy 36 00:02:39,610 --> 00:02:29,730 many of you familiar with that well 37 00:02:49,190 --> 00:02:45,710 yeah so before equilibrium Delta G this 38 00:02:52,640 --> 00:02:49,200 is another term that's called free 39 00:02:56,420 --> 00:02:52,650 energy or maximal what you can get out 40 00:02:58,760 --> 00:02:56,430 of the system and that guy is negative 41 00:03:01,790 --> 00:02:58,770 and that's the driving force of the 42 00:03:03,470 --> 00:03:01,800 system before equilibrium to reach the 43 00:03:08,840 --> 00:03:03,480 equilibrium but once you get to 44 00:03:12,740 --> 00:03:08,850 equilibrium Delta G is zero and your 45 00:03:19,479 --> 00:03:12,750 system is not doing anything macro mark 46 00:03:30,830 --> 00:03:26,030 so for Delta G to be negative either 47 00:03:33,770 --> 00:03:30,840 Delta H that's enthalpy it's called 48 00:03:37,310 --> 00:03:33,780 enthalpy so Delta H should be negative 49 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:37,320 meaning that your system should release 50 00:03:47,830 --> 00:03:42,090 some energy or these Delta s as we call 51 00:03:56,620 --> 00:03:52,610 increase disorder so if these two 52 00:04:00,350 --> 00:03:56,630 condition you know either of them are 53 00:04:02,900 --> 00:04:00,360 that you know if you have one of these 54 00:04:05,930 --> 00:04:02,910 two or two of two of them you can have 55 00:04:11,210 --> 00:04:05,940 negative Delta G and your process is 56 00:04:13,520 --> 00:04:11,220 spontaneous or natural but you see in 57 00:04:19,009 --> 00:04:13,530 the nature there are a lot of things 58 00:04:21,860 --> 00:04:19,019 that they decrease disorder what they 59 00:04:28,100 --> 00:04:21,870 still happen they are natural and one of 60 00:04:29,950 --> 00:04:28,110 the very good example is life so in life 61 00:04:33,310 --> 00:04:29,960 you have 62 00:04:36,790 --> 00:04:33,320 decrease of entropy or disorder but yet 63 00:04:40,060 --> 00:04:36,800 it happens and that's because there is 64 00:04:42,570 --> 00:04:40,070 another restriction for that the second 65 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:42,580 law of thermodynamics when you have 66 00:04:52,900 --> 00:04:49,130 isolated system your this the entropy of 67 00:04:57,880 --> 00:04:52,910 your system can decrease as long as the 68 00:05:05,110 --> 00:04:57,890 that leads to an increase of the entropy 69 00:05:10,050 --> 00:05:05,120 of the environment so then that's how 70 00:05:13,840 --> 00:05:10,060 life can form so let's put this in 71 00:05:18,940 --> 00:05:13,850 better words from Schrodinger he has a 72 00:05:22,030 --> 00:05:18,950 he's actually one of the founding 73 00:05:25,060 --> 00:05:22,040 fathers of quantum mechanics and he has 74 00:05:27,870 --> 00:05:25,070 a book it's called what is life it's 75 00:05:30,940 --> 00:05:27,880 very good book you can get it for free 76 00:05:33,610 --> 00:05:30,950 from so there is a link in Wikipedia 77 00:05:38,770 --> 00:05:33,620 it's only the version I got I think it's 78 00:05:43,900 --> 00:05:38,780 only 32 books 32 pages and it's very 79 00:05:47,050 --> 00:05:43,910 short and sweet so he I just borrowed 80 00:05:51,340 --> 00:05:47,060 some quotes from him so living organisms 81 00:05:53,140 --> 00:05:51,350 are highly structured systems that we 82 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:53,150 know that we know that they are actually 83 00:05:59,370 --> 00:05:55,210 the most struck a highly structured 84 00:06:02,590 --> 00:05:59,380 system that we have or we know of and 85 00:06:06,250 --> 00:06:02,600 the structure the ordered structures on 86 00:06:09,100 --> 00:06:06,260 large scale are due to chaos in small 87 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:09,110 scale and that's because the foundation 88 00:06:18,940 --> 00:06:14,170 of everything or the fundamental 89 00:06:24,190 --> 00:06:18,950 particles are obeying quantum rule which 90 00:06:27,280 --> 00:06:24,200 is all probabilistic and when you have 91 00:06:31,950 --> 00:06:27,290 less number of atoms in the particles 92 00:06:36,430 --> 00:06:31,960 you have more randomness more 93 00:06:40,540 --> 00:06:36,440 probabilistic nature and this one I want 94 00:06:43,510 --> 00:06:40,550 to read it leading matter evades decay 95 00:06:46,270 --> 00:06:43,520 to thermo dynamical equilibrium 96 00:06:50,650 --> 00:06:46,280 by maintaining negative entropy in open 97 00:06:57,249 --> 00:06:50,660 system that's very important that's how 98 00:07:01,930 --> 00:06:57,259 life can for to put it in equations 99 00:07:05,529 --> 00:07:01,940 again Delta G is negative so the process 100 00:07:11,189 --> 00:07:05,539 happens but they avoid reaching 101 00:07:15,640 --> 00:07:11,199 equilibrium and with that they can 102 00:07:18,999 --> 00:07:15,650 increase the entropy or disorder of this 103 00:07:23,620 --> 00:07:19,009 surrounding so if you want to interpret 104 00:07:26,580 --> 00:07:23,630 that you can say life cannot be isolated 105 00:07:29,700 --> 00:07:26,590 or good life cannot be formed in 106 00:07:34,080 --> 00:07:29,710 isolated systems 107 00:07:38,920 --> 00:07:34,090 another thing is life has to make mess 108 00:07:47,649 --> 00:07:38,930 so we are big and messing machines in 109 00:07:51,459 --> 00:07:47,659 fact okay so here I just made a 110 00:07:55,420 --> 00:07:51,469 comparison between this natural 111 00:07:58,809 --> 00:07:55,430 evolution natural processes and computer 112 00:08:00,670 --> 00:07:58,819 simulation so many of us when you're 113 00:08:03,490 --> 00:08:00,680 doing computer simulation when we do 114 00:08:06,930 --> 00:08:03,500 optimization we are actually somehow 115 00:08:14,800 --> 00:08:11,399 we are making an evolution in a system 116 00:08:16,809 --> 00:08:14,810 so we start with initial simplicity and 117 00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:16,819 then there we have we introduce some 118 00:08:24,339 --> 00:08:19,130 forces on the system acting on the 119 00:08:28,110 --> 00:08:24,349 system and so then you have self 120 00:08:31,390 --> 00:08:28,120 repeating self-organizing and that in 121 00:08:33,209 --> 00:08:31,400 simulation terms is you have for example 122 00:08:37,449 --> 00:08:33,219 different simulation you have self 123 00:08:39,310 --> 00:08:37,459 consistency or feedback loops whenever 124 00:08:42,670 --> 00:08:39,320 you have feedback loops it's actually 125 00:08:44,310 --> 00:08:42,680 it's a kind of self-fulfilling and you 126 00:08:45,460 --> 00:08:44,320 might be familiar with these terms 127 00:08:47,610 --> 00:08:45,470 interference 128 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:47,620 overlap coupling they all the same 129 00:08:54,100 --> 00:08:50,930 concept and we want and then you get to 130 00:08:56,170 --> 00:08:54,110 a complexity and complexity you can 131 00:08:59,639 --> 00:08:56,180 represent it by this 132 00:09:03,310 --> 00:08:59,649 superposition chaos probabilistic and 133 00:09:10,090 --> 00:09:03,320 then you have evolution or natural 134 00:09:11,889 --> 00:09:10,100 selection mutations on people say so 135 00:09:14,260 --> 00:09:11,899 when you do optimization you actually 136 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:14,270 say hey I'm gonna just keep this 137 00:09:21,220 --> 00:09:16,970 coefficient because it optimizes my 138 00:09:23,920 --> 00:09:21,230 system and then this code I mean ignore 139 00:09:26,769 --> 00:09:23,930 the other one or amplify one and then 140 00:09:29,590 --> 00:09:26,779 decrease the weight of the other one so 141 00:09:31,300 --> 00:09:29,600 that's actually kind of natural 142 00:09:35,199 --> 00:09:31,310 selection I mean it's not natural but 143 00:09:38,050 --> 00:09:35,209 you're just picking and then that can be 144 00:09:42,519 --> 00:09:38,060 represented with the emergence the 145 00:09:45,699 --> 00:09:42,529 coupling iteration and then at the end 146 00:09:48,579 --> 00:09:45,709 when you get to equilibrium that does 147 00:09:53,079 --> 00:09:48,589 your system becomes simple in a sense 148 00:09:55,780 --> 00:09:53,089 again and so you have equilibrium you 149 00:09:57,850 --> 00:09:55,790 have collapse interval if you have 150 00:10:00,850 --> 00:09:57,860 working for example quantum mechanics 151 00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:00,860 coop collapse of wavefunction and you'll 152 00:10:08,380 --> 00:10:02,570 be cut your system becomes deterministic 153 00:10:11,170 --> 00:10:08,390 again and just want to read this again 154 00:10:15,490 --> 00:10:11,180 is there are some quotes I think they 155 00:10:18,040 --> 00:10:15,500 are important evolution is blind it's an 156 00:10:22,540 --> 00:10:18,050 emergent effect of mutation and natural 157 00:10:27,550 --> 00:10:22,550 selection may be a good example for this 158 00:10:31,600 --> 00:10:27,560 is a stock market so some small changes 159 00:10:36,430 --> 00:10:31,610 very random they can change the whole 160 00:10:40,540 --> 00:10:36,440 market and that's another I mean that's 161 00:10:43,930 --> 00:10:40,550 exactly how natural selection or 162 00:10:48,310 --> 00:10:43,940 evolution works it's completely rights 163 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:48,320 blind but yet it just changes the whole 164 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:48,890 thing 165 00:10:56,290 --> 00:10:53,290 according to probability probability and 166 00:11:00,490 --> 00:10:56,300 so but there are three main questions we 167 00:11:03,519 --> 00:11:00,500 have is this process reversible at least 168 00:11:06,670 --> 00:11:03,529 it's not in simulation 169 00:11:10,569 --> 00:11:06,680 is there any interactive force with our 170 00:11:14,769 --> 00:11:10,579 system again in simulation 171 00:11:16,989 --> 00:11:14,779 don't think so but we can change the for 172 00:11:19,569 --> 00:11:16,999 I mean some sometimes we need to after 173 00:11:23,829 --> 00:11:19,579 we see the result we can go back and 174 00:11:28,449 --> 00:11:23,839 remodel or system redesign it another 175 00:11:31,629 --> 00:11:28,459 question is so again if you introduce 176 00:11:36,669 --> 00:11:31,639 your forces or loss for the system are 177 00:11:43,989 --> 00:11:36,679 they evolved in time in simulation you 178 00:11:47,979 --> 00:11:43,999 can do that but how about in nature I 179 00:11:50,650 --> 00:11:47,989 just give you two examples two schools 180 00:11:54,759 --> 00:11:50,660 of thoughts one of them is this guy 181 00:12:00,519 --> 00:11:54,769 James Gates he came to our school few 182 00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:00,529 months ago he gave a talk about finding 183 00:12:05,889 --> 00:12:03,920 the computer codes in the fabric of 184 00:12:12,789 --> 00:12:05,899 universe I didn't get anything from his 185 00:12:17,799 --> 00:12:12,799 thought but what he was asked so he is 186 00:12:19,900 --> 00:12:17,809 he's a string theorist and he said when 187 00:12:23,650 --> 00:12:19,910 you basically work with this equation 188 00:12:27,519 --> 00:12:23,660 passing through light cones you get 189 00:12:32,889 --> 00:12:27,529 computer codes okay he's a phase a 190 00:12:36,609 --> 00:12:32,899 famous guy so he believed him but what 191 00:12:41,379 --> 00:12:36,619 he was asked are you saying that we are 192 00:12:45,569 --> 00:12:41,389 living in a matrix and what he answered 193 00:12:49,449 --> 00:12:45,579 was okay yeah that's a probability but 194 00:12:55,869 --> 00:12:49,459 that's not scientific because we cannot 195 00:12:58,869 --> 00:12:55,879 test that idea well what he answered he 196 00:13:02,139 --> 00:12:58,879 said there is another probability that 197 00:13:06,460 --> 00:13:02,149 we are we are one of the probabilities 198 00:13:10,239 --> 00:13:06,470 we are one of the universes or we are 199 00:13:12,850 --> 00:13:10,249 living in one universe I mean we have 200 00:13:14,919 --> 00:13:12,860 multiverse and then we are one of the 201 00:13:17,710 --> 00:13:14,929 check one of the probabilities that we 202 00:13:23,130 --> 00:13:17,720 have like computer codes in your 203 00:13:29,310 --> 00:13:27,600 okay so that's actually the main I think 204 00:13:32,460 --> 00:13:29,320 is the main is say I'm not a physicist 205 00:13:34,500 --> 00:13:32,470 so I try to be more careful when I'm 206 00:13:37,440 --> 00:13:34,510 using these terms but I think the main 207 00:13:40,400 --> 00:13:37,450 is a stream of physics is that so 208 00:13:44,280 --> 00:13:40,410 whenever they're trying to explain I 209 00:13:48,449 --> 00:13:44,290 mean why they are these forces in nature 210 00:13:52,740 --> 00:13:48,459 are so tuned why we have these physical 211 00:13:54,930 --> 00:13:52,750 constants the answer is so maybe is one 212 00:13:59,759 --> 00:13:54,940 of the one of the probabilities one of 213 00:14:02,490 --> 00:13:59,769 one outcome of the probability so 214 00:14:07,639 --> 00:14:02,500 another school of thought is my favorite 215 00:14:10,620 --> 00:14:07,649 scientist Paul Dirac so he noticed that 216 00:14:16,880 --> 00:14:10,630 the strength of the ratio the strength 217 00:14:21,210 --> 00:14:16,890 ratio of strong interaction force to 218 00:14:24,870 --> 00:14:21,220 gravity is proportional similar to the 219 00:14:29,610 --> 00:14:24,880 age of universe so if age of universe is 220 00:14:33,630 --> 00:14:29,620 changing so so is this one this might 221 00:14:36,090 --> 00:14:33,640 must change and but there is no evidence 222 00:14:39,480 --> 00:14:36,100 for that there is actually if there are 223 00:14:42,930 --> 00:14:39,490 search for finding for example different 224 00:14:46,680 --> 00:14:42,940 constants of nature if they are changing 225 00:14:50,840 --> 00:14:46,690 then yes so actually laws of nature are 226 00:14:55,019 --> 00:14:50,850 changing or evolving but we haven't 227 00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:55,029 observed that yet but I'm sure I mean 228 00:14:59,900 --> 00:14:57,010 I'm just gonna put some words in the 229 00:15:03,870 --> 00:14:59,910 rocks mouth if he was there with us 230 00:15:07,380 --> 00:15:03,880 listening to James gave talk he would 231 00:15:14,100 --> 00:15:07,390 say okay dr. gates 232 00:15:17,579 --> 00:15:14,110 that's multiverse is good idea but if 233 00:15:23,090 --> 00:15:17,589 you found computer codes in the fabric 234 00:15:32,010 --> 00:15:26,130 maybe that's the simplest way that 235 00:15:34,110 --> 00:15:32,020 nature can store information and that's 236 00:15:38,879 --> 00:15:34,120 back up based on 237 00:15:45,739 --> 00:15:38,889 Occam's razor principle so nature finds 238 00:15:50,129 --> 00:15:45,749 the simplest way to evolve now too much 239 00:15:54,350 --> 00:15:50,139 think review of literature review this 240 00:16:01,910 --> 00:15:54,360 now let's let me go to my simulation 241 00:16:09,389 --> 00:16:07,199 I'm sorry so put the okay so let's say 242 00:16:11,480 --> 00:16:09,399 just introduce a fictitious fictitious 243 00:16:15,179 --> 00:16:11,490 system we have positions we have 244 00:16:17,549 --> 00:16:15,189 particles of per unit for we have a 245 00:16:20,220 --> 00:16:17,559 fixed number of positions per unit of 246 00:16:22,619 --> 00:16:20,230 volume and we have we introduced 247 00:16:27,210 --> 00:16:22,629 particles in that in it we can calculate 248 00:16:29,189 --> 00:16:27,220 the what is the permutation and that's 249 00:16:33,749 --> 00:16:29,199 related to entropy or disorder of the 250 00:16:36,780 --> 00:16:33,759 system local sometimes we have local 251 00:16:40,460 --> 00:16:36,790 decrease in entropy I say I tell you why 252 00:16:43,860 --> 00:16:40,470 but that we call a structure and then 253 00:16:47,879 --> 00:16:43,870 space-time is actually they follow 254 00:16:50,730 --> 00:16:47,889 entropy so whenever so this is they 255 00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:50,740 going from more entropy entropic regions 256 00:16:58,259 --> 00:16:54,850 to less and then the equilibrium is just 257 00:17:01,439 --> 00:16:58,269 then when Delta is the total Delta s or 258 00:17:05,730 --> 00:17:01,449 it is so the change in this order is 0 259 00:17:09,840 --> 00:17:05,740 and ok so and then we can introduce 260 00:17:12,600 --> 00:17:09,850 entropy entropic force which is related 261 00:17:16,049 --> 00:17:12,610 to or proportional to the change in 262 00:17:21,389 --> 00:17:16,059 gradient of this order so that's I try 263 00:17:23,449 --> 00:17:21,399 to explain very ok entropic forces by 264 00:17:26,779 --> 00:17:23,459 definition maximum entropy production 265 00:17:29,360 --> 00:17:26,789 within the present and future time 266 00:17:37,470 --> 00:17:29,370 horizon rather than just greedily 267 00:17:41,279 --> 00:17:37,480 maximizing is in sorry in instantaneous 268 00:17:43,740 --> 00:17:41,289 entropy production okay so that's the 269 00:17:46,710 --> 00:17:43,750 sentence is important what does it mean 270 00:17:47,460 --> 00:17:46,720 is when you have a when you have a 271 00:17:52,470 --> 00:17:47,470 system 272 00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:52,480 and so at the edge the the the simplest 273 00:17:56,669 --> 00:17:54,610 way of increasing the entropy of the 274 00:17:58,169 --> 00:17:56,679 system is just at the edge they're just 275 00:18:00,620 --> 00:17:58,179 moving away from each other but that's 276 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:00,630 not true for that for the inner layers 277 00:18:06,870 --> 00:18:04,690 so sometimes some of these particles in 278 00:18:09,630 --> 00:18:06,880 order to increase the enters that are 279 00:18:11,610 --> 00:18:09,640 affected by their neighbors so in order 280 00:18:13,380 --> 00:18:11,620 to increase the interview sometimes they 281 00:18:17,730 --> 00:18:13,390 have to get closer to each other and 282 00:18:22,110 --> 00:18:17,740 that from an observer here in inner 283 00:18:25,649 --> 00:18:22,120 layers it's it can be seen as emergent 284 00:18:27,899 --> 00:18:25,659 effect this force so people saw an 285 00:18:30,659 --> 00:18:27,909 observer sitting right here doesn't know 286 00:18:33,450 --> 00:18:30,669 about anything about the edge just sees 287 00:18:39,140 --> 00:18:33,460 for example particles getting closer to 288 00:18:42,360 --> 00:18:39,150 each other so local entropy changes 289 00:18:48,090 --> 00:18:42,370 results in emergent forces that we 290 00:18:52,260 --> 00:18:48,100 observed I mean that kind of obvious I 291 00:18:54,120 --> 00:18:52,270 think and I think the best example you 292 00:18:56,940 --> 00:18:54,130 can look at look at the movement of this 293 00:18:58,520 --> 00:18:56,950 guy it's called it slinky dot please do 294 00:19:03,649 --> 00:18:58,530 that 295 00:19:09,419 --> 00:19:03,659 it's also the best example I could find 296 00:19:12,210 --> 00:19:09,429 so our simulation on the boundaries you 297 00:19:14,159 --> 00:19:12,220 can see this the the flow of entropy 298 00:19:16,260 --> 00:19:14,169 that's the maximum change but the 299 00:19:18,930 --> 00:19:16,270 important result I want to show that 300 00:19:21,270 --> 00:19:18,940 whenever you have any decrease in 301 00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:21,280 entropy in the structure that I 302 00:19:32,370 --> 00:19:24,640 mentioned that that results in an 303 00:19:37,080 --> 00:19:32,380 overall increase in total volume entropy 304 00:19:39,930 --> 00:19:37,090 if you remember I said living organism 305 00:19:42,060 --> 00:19:39,940 they just release energy to increase the 306 00:19:44,789 --> 00:19:42,070 entropy of the system but here in this 307 00:19:47,490 --> 00:19:44,799 fictitious system what happens is the 308 00:19:52,169 --> 00:19:47,500 emergent effect is increasing of the 309 00:19:56,090 --> 00:19:52,179 volume entropy so that I just 310 00:19:58,680 --> 00:19:56,100 exaggerated this to show this effect 311 00:20:01,020 --> 00:19:58,690 these are the conclusion you can read up 312 00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:01,030 sorry so 313 00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:04,410 the same stuff just for Samaritans 314 00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:07,450 emerges as an attempt to reach local 315 00:20:12,360 --> 00:20:09,730 equilibrium entropic forces driving 316 00:20:14,700 --> 00:20:12,370 force before or to reach equilibrium an 317 00:20:17,130 --> 00:20:14,710 evolution happens in the local 318 00:20:20,190 --> 00:20:17,140 structures we haven't reached that point 319 00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:20,200 yet to simulate the evolution in the 320 00:20:27,960 --> 00:20:22,930 structures yet but we are so excited 321 00:20:29,880 --> 00:20:27,970 about this results thank you my 322 00:20:31,310 --> 00:20:29,890 collaborators if you have any questions 323 00:20:35,240 --> 00:20:31,320 sorry 324 00:20:39,120 --> 00:20:37,620 thank you Syed I think in the interest 325 00:20:41,430 --> 00:20:39,130 of time we should just move on to the 326 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:41,440 next presentation so let's thanks I and